S

Sabatia kennedyana (PLYMOUTH GENTIAN) -- see Sabatia chloroides

Sabatia chloroides = Sabatia kennedyana (PLYMOUTH GENTIAN) -- VII 479, X 9

Sage = Salvia officinalis (SAGE) -- i 328, I 280

Sagina procumbens (MATTED PEARLWORT) -- VIII 118, IX 483

see also Arenaria

Sagittaria = Sagittaria spp. (ARROWHEAD) -- IV 170, 173, 264, V 283, VIII 402

__ (leaf) -- XI 102

-- see also Arrowhead

Sagittaria graminea (GRASS-LEAVED ARROWHEAD) -- see Sagittaria simplex

Sagittaria latifolia (COMMON ARROWHEAD) -- see Sagittaria sagittifolia

Sagittaria sagittifolia = Sagittaria latifolia (COMMON ARROWHEAD) -- II 389

Sagittaria simplex = Sagittaria graminea (GRASS-LEAVED ARROWHEAD) -- X 21

Salicornia = Salicornia spp. (GLASSWORT) -- II 355

Salicornia bigelovii (DWARF GLASSWORT) -- see Salicornia mucronata

Salicornia europaea (SLENDER GLASSWORT, SAMPHIRE) -- see Samphire

Salicornia herbacea = Salicornia europaea (SLENDER GLASSWORT, SAMPHIRE) -- VII 438

Salicornia mucronata = Salicornia bigelovii (DWARF GLASSWORT) -- VII 438

Salix = Salix spp. (WILLOW) -- III 475, X 385, 477, XIV 328

see also Osier, Sallow, Willow

Salix alba (WHITE WILLOW) -- IV 37, 41, 45, 50, 56, 61, 66, V 116, 118, 121, 122, VI 227, 232, 235, 236, 251, 259, 298, VII 332, 337, 357, 358, 359, 371, 396, VIII 329, 330, 331, IX 358, 361, X 394, 409, 419, 490, XI 214, 222, 245, 249, 251, 268, 301, 403, XII 167, XIII 249, 271, 287, 336, 416, XIV 327

__ (catkin) -- XIII 300; __ (osier) -- XI 264; __ (root) -- IX 368

see also Osier, Osier (Yellow), Salix caerulea, Willow (Golden), Willow (White), Willow (Yellow)

Salix amygdalina (ALMOND-LEAVED WILLOW) -- see Willow (Plum-leaved)

Salix argyrocarpa (SILVER WILLOW) -- see Salix repens

Salix babylonica (WEEPING WILLOW) -- IX 361, X 394, XI 155

see also Willow (Weeping)

Salix bebbiana (BEBB WILLOW) -- see Salix rostrata

Salix caerulea = Salix alba var. calva (BLUE WILLOW) -- VII 388

Salix conifera = Salix humilis (PRAIRIE WILLOW) -- III 479

Salix cordata ²⁸² = Salix rigida (WAND WILLOW) -- VII 409, VIII 13, 331, 368, IX 362, X 385, XI 214, 252, 259,

Salix crassa = Salix discolor (PUSSY WILLOW) -- III 479

Salix discolor (PUSSY WILLOW) -- III 479, V 298, VI 449, VII 417, IX 340, X 130, 463, 464, XI 245, 246, 276, XII 119, 164, 176, 399, XIII 237, 251, 294, XIV 171

__(down) -- XIII 293; __ (-like) -- XII 164; __ (seed) -- XII 188

see also Salix eriocephala, Willow (Bog), Willow (Swamp)

Salix eriocephala ²⁸³ = Salix discolor (PUSSY WILLOW) -- III 479, V 80, 86, 298, VI 449, VII 417, X 395, XII 164

Salix gracilis (SLENDER WILLOW) -- see Salix petiolaris, Salix rosmarinifolia

Salix grisea = Salix sericea (SILKY WILLOW) -- III 478, 479, XI 171

Salix herbacea (DWARF WILLOW) -- XI 36, 60

Salix humilis (PRAIRIE WILLOW) -- III 433, 479, IV 20, 49, VI 206, 230, 449, IX 340, X 363, 367, 368, 427, 463, 464, XI 212, 239, 276, XII 133, 164, 176, XIII 244, 294, XIV 327

__ (leaf) -- XI 204; __ (-like) -- XI 31, 60

see also Salix longirostris, Salix muhlenbergia, Salix tristis, Willow (Little Sage), Willow (Sage)

Salix longirostris = Salix humilis var. microphylla (DWARF GRAY WILLOW) -- III 80

Salix lucida (SHINING WILLOW) -- VII 409, VIII 444, IX 55, 56, 61, 368, 399, 406, X 415, 422, 452, XI 74, 245, XII 188, XIV 327

__ (leaf) -- VIII 422, XI 197, 217

Salix muhlenbergia = Salix humilis (PRAIRIE WILLOW) -- III 433, 479, V 92

Salix nigra (BLACK WILLOW) -- IV 53, 74, 202, 214, V 160, 164, VI 278, VII 371, 382, IX 390, 399, 473, X 445, 486, 496, XIII 330, 336, XIV 327

__ (pollen) -- VII 386

see also Salix purshiana, Willow (Black), Willow (Black Dwarf), Willow (Late Water)

Salix pedicellaris (BOG WILLOW) -- IX 406, X 396, 397, 419, 445, XI 245, XII 193, XIV 327

see also Willow (Dwarf)

Salix petiolaris = Salix gracilis (SLENDER WILLOW) -- VIII 444, X 419, XII 190, XIV 327

Salix phylicifolia = Salix planifolia (TEALEAF WILLOW) -- XI 25, 61, 171

Salix planifolia (TEALEAF WILLOW) -- see Salix phylicifolia

Salix prinoides = Salix discolor (PUSSY WILLOW) -- III 479

Salix purpurea (PURPLE OSIER) -- X 395, XII 115, 140, 154, XIII 244, 254

Salix purshiana = Salix nigra (BLACK WILLOW) -- IV 301, 357, VI 381, 402, 421, 429,

__ (shore) -- VII 226

Salix repens ²⁸⁴ = Salix argyrocarpa (SILVER WILLOW) -- XI 25, 43, 61, 171

Salix rigida (WAND WILLOW) -- see Salix cordata, Salix torreyana

Salix rosmarinifolia = Salix gracilis (SLENDER WILLOW) -- IX 414

Salix rostrata = Salix bebbiana (BEBB WILLOW) -- VIII 368, IX 357, 402, X 419, 427, 452, 463, 464, XI 245, 259, XII 133, 164, 174, XIII 263

__ (flower) -- X 401; __ (-like) -- XI 46; __ (seed) -- XII 193;

Salix russeliana = Salix x rubens ²⁸⁵ -- IX 497

Salix sensitiva = Salix discolor (PUSSY WILLOW) -- III 479

Salix sericea (SILKY WILLOW) -- III 479, VI 449, VII 396, 409, VIII 331, X 393, 419, 423, XI 171, 252, 258, 259, 288, XIII 299, XIV 224

__ (-like) -- VIII 443;

see also Salix grisea

Salix torreyana = Salix rigida (WAND WILLOW) -- IX 461, X 385, 419, XI 30, 245, 259, XIII 263, XIV 327

__ (catkin) -- X 422; __ (-like) -- XI 60; __ (seed) XII 193

Salix tristis = Salix humilis var. microphylla (DWARF GRAY WILLOW) -- III 479, IV 20, 43, 49, V 116, VI 236, VII 320, 335, VIII 293, IX 355, 402, 481, X 128, 386, 427, 482, XI 239, 249, 252, 260, XII 133, XIII 321, XIV 327

Salix uva-ursi (BEARBERRY WILLOW) -- XI 17, 36, 47, 60

Sallow = Salix spp. (WILLOW) -- V 108, 275, 464, VI 71, 86, 91, 191, VII 236, 320, 396, VIII 4, 10, 13, 182, 273, 276, 279, 293, X 128, XI 71, 301, 308, 312, XII 41, XIV 328

__ (bud) -- V 482; __ (catkin) -- VII 318; __ (leaf) -- VIII 6

Salsola kali (COMMON SALTWORT) -- VI 487, VII 433, XII 374

see also Saltwort

Salsola caroliniana = Salsola kali (COMMON SALTWORT) -- II 355

Saltwort = Salsola kali (COMMON SALTWORT) -- II 354, 355, VII 433

Sambucus canadensis (COMMON ELDER) -- see Elder,Elderberry, Elderberry (Black)

Sambucus pubens (RED-BERRIED ELDER) -- VIII 380, IX 484, XI 281

see also Elder (Panicled), Elder (Red), Elderberry (Red)

Samphire = Salicornia europaea (SLENDER GLASSWORT, SAMPHIRE) -- II 355, VII 438, 480, XI 175, 176, 300

__ (-like) -- IX 433

Sandalwood = Santalum album (WHITE SANDALWOOD) -- XIV 302

SANDWORT = Arenaria spp.

Sandwort (Sea) = Arenaria peploides (SEABEACH SANDWORT) -- VII 433

Sandwort (Side-flowering) = Arenaria lateriflora (GROVE SANDWORT) -- IV 83, V 192, VI 296, VII 407, VIII 375

Sandwort (Spurry) = Spergularia rubra (SAND SPURREY) -- IV 277, V 199

Sandwort (Thyme-leaved) = Arenaria serpyllifolia (THYME-LEAVED SANDWORT) -- V 184, VII 320, VIII 60

Sanguinaria canadensis (BLOODROOT) -- IX 80, X 381

see also Bloodroot

Sanicle= Sanicula marilandica (BLACK SNAKEROOT) -- V 218, VI 323, VIII 358

Sanicula marilandica (BLACK SNAKEROOT) -- IV 91

see also Sanicle

Saponaria vaccaria (COW-HERB) -- V 338

Sarothra = Hypericum gentianoides (PINEWEED) -- IV 356, 361, VI 401, VII 408, VIII 441, 465, IX 9, 35, 149, XI 234, XII 40, 41, 45, 313

Sarothra gentianoides = Hypericum gentianoides (PINEWEED) -- II 69

Sarracenia = Sarracenia purpurea (PITCHER PLANT) -- IV 257

Sarracenia purpurea (PITCHER PLANT) -- III 33

see also Pitcher-plant, Sarracenia, Side-saddle, Side-saddle Flower

Sarsaparilla = Aralia nudicaulis (WILD SARSAPARILLA) -- IV 71, 286, 292, V 172, 191, X 154, XII 304, 345

__ (berry) -- IV 229, V 313, VIII 418, XIII 362; __ (flower) -- XII 188, XIII 299; __ (leaf) -- VII 17, VIII 467, XI 118; __ (plant) -- XII 306

Sassafras = Sassafras albidum (SASSAFRAS) -- II 60, 64, 73, 197, 206, 434, III 292, 373, IV 76, 79, V 5, 151, 160, VI 131, 235, 261, 266, 285, 301, VII 61, 381, VIII 423, IX 57, 136, 374, 377, X 40, 111

__ (bark) -- V 362; __ (berry) -- IX 58; __ (hedge) -- V 352; __ (leaf) -- II 309, IV 359, V 437, IX 67; __ (shore) -- VI 302; __ (stump) -- X 15; __ (tree) -- III 60, V 179, 449, VI 443, VII 53, 58, X 64, XI 242, XII 9; __ (-ing) -- V 73

SATIN GRASS = Muhlenbergia spp.

Satureja vulgaris (BASIL) -- see Clinopodium vulgare

Savin = Juniperus virginiana (EASTERN RED CEDAR) -- VI 143

__ (tree) -- XIV 313

Saw-grass = Paspalum ciliatifolium (CILIATE-LEAVED PASPALUM) -- XI 114, 124, XII 288, 294

Saxifraga pensylvanica (SWAMP SAXIFRAGE) -- IV 54

see also Saxifrage, Saxifrage (Meadow), Saxifrage (Water)

Saxifraga rivularis (ALPINE BROOK SAXIFRAGE) -- see Alsine

Saxifraga vernalis = Saxifraga virginiensis (EARLY SAXIFRAGE) -- III 364, 472

Saxifraga virginiensis (EARLY SAXIFRAGE) -- III 475

see also Saxifraga vernalis, Saxifrage, Saxifrage (Common), Saxifrage (Early)

Saxifrage = Saxifraga pensylvanica (SWAMP SAXIFRAGE) -- IV 73

Saxifrage = Saxifraga virginiensis (EARLY SAXIFRAGE) -- II 181, III 334, 391, 424, 467, 473, IV 20, 58, V 24, 88, 107, 154, 179, 227, VI 133, 183, 189, 195, 211, 216, 229, 231, 248, VII 280, 300, 342, VIII 60, 241, 242, 261, 280, IX 330, 388, X 357, 358, XII 132, XIII 236, 278

Saxifrage (Common) = Saxifraga virginiensis (EARLY SAXIFRAGE) -- VIII 293

Saxifrage (Early) = Saxifraga virginiensis (EARLY SAXIFRAGE) -- III 472, VII 293

Saxifrage (Golden) = Chrysosplenium americanum (GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE) -- IV 11, 54, VI 12, VII 303, VIII 233, 272, 288, IX 294, X 373, XII 12

Saxifrage (Meadow) = Saxifraga pensylvanica (SWAMP SAXIFRAGE) -- III 468, VI 211, 239, VII 105, X 421, XII 191, XIII 321

Saxifrage (Water) = Saxifraga pensylvanica (SWAMP SAXIFRAGE) -- V 15, 144, VI 288, XIII 398

Scabish = Oenothera biennis (COMMON EVENING PRIMROSE)/Oenothera parviflora (SMALL-FLOWERED EVENING PRIMROSE) ² -- II 273, 309, 415, III 126

Scheuchzeria = Scheuchzeria palustris (SCHEUCHZER'S RUSH) -- IX 405, XII 191, 196, XIII 313, 384

Scheuchzeria palustris (SCHEUCHZER'S RUSH) -- VII 111, X 493, XI 84

see also Scheuchzeria

Scirpus = ²⁸⁶ -- IV 377, VIII 423, XI 124

see also Bulrush, Trichophorum, Wool-grass

Scirpus americanus (CHAIR-MAKER'S RUSH) -- see Scirpus pungens

Scirpus atrocinctus (DUSKY WOOL-GRASS) -- see Scirpus eriophorum, Trichophorum, Wool-grass

Scirpus atrovirens (DUSKY BULRUSH) -- see Scirpus sylvaticus

Scirpus cespitosus (TUFTED CLUB-RUSH) -- XI 46

__ (-like) -- XI 23

Scirpus capillaris = Bulbostylis capillaris (HAIR-LIKE BULBOSTYLIS) -- VI 447, XI 124

Scirpus cyperinus (COMMON WOOL-GRASS) -- XIV 8

see also Scirpus eriophorum, Trichophorum, Wool-grass

Scirpus debilis = ²⁸⁷ -- XI 138, XIII 411

Scirpus eriophorum = ²⁸⁸ -- IV 386, XI 142, XIII 369, 402, XIV 18

Scirpus fluviatilis (RIVER BULRUSH) -- XII 232, 269, 270, XIII 345

Scirpus lacustris = Scirpus validus (GREAT BULRUSH) ²⁸⁹ -- IV 121, V 344, 486, VI 348, 351, XI 73, 251, XII 209, 231, 270, 388, XIII 343, 374, 402

Scirpus longii (LONG'S WOOL-GRASS) -- see Scirpus eriophorum, Scirpus sylvaticus, Trichophorum, Wool-grass, Wool-grass (Large Early)

Scirpus maritimus (SALT MARSH BULRUSH) ²⁹⁰ -- XI 174

Scirpus paludosus (BAYONET-GRASS) -- see Scirpus maritimus

Scirpus planifolius = Scirpus verecundus (WOOD CLUB-RUSH) -- XII 185, XIII 305

Scirpus pungens = Scirpus americanus (CHAIR-MAKER'S RUSH) -- XI 171

Scirpus purshianus (PURSH'S CLUB RUSH) -- see Scirpus debilis

Scirpus rubrotinctus (RED BULRUSH) -- see Scirpus sylvaticus

Scirpus strigosus = Cyperus strigosus (STRAW-COLORED CYPERUS) -- VI 446

Scirpus subterminalis (WATER CLUB RUSH) -- XI 161, XII 244, XIII 381, 411, 425

Scirpus sylvaticus = ²⁹¹ -- X 445

Scirpus validus (GREAT BULRUSH) -- see Bulrush, Bulrush (Tall), Rush (Common Large), Rush (Tall), Rush (Tall Green), Scirpus lacustris

Scirpus verecundus (WOOD CLUB-RUSH) -- see Scirpus planifolius

Scleranthus = Scleranthus annuus (KNAWEL) -- VI 232, VII 388

Scleranthus annuus (KNAWEL) -- IV 91

see also Gnawel, Knawel, Knawel (Common), Scleranthus

Scorpion Grass = Myosotis verna (SPRING FORGET-ME-NOT) -- V 151

Scouring-rush = Equisetum hyemale (SCOURING RUSH) -- VII 81, 388, 391, 404, IX 71, XI 5, XIII 205

Scratch-grass = Polygonum sagittatum (ARROW-LEAVED TEARTHUMB) -- II 422, IV 170

Scratch-weed = Polygonum arifolium (HALBERD-LEAVED TEARTHUMB) -- IV 307

Scutellaria spp. (SKULL-CAP) -- see Skull-cap

Scutellaria epilobiifolia (MARSH SKULLCAP) -- see Scutellaria galericulata, Skull-cap (Larger)

Scutellaria galericulata = Scutellaria epilobiifolia (MARSH SKULLCAP) -- II 424, IV 215, V 330, VI 378, VIII 413, IX 494

Scutellaria lateriflora (MAD-DOG SKULLCAP) -- II 411, IV 291, VI 393, VIII 422, XII 305

see also Scutellaria (Side-flowering), Skull-cap (Side-flowering), Skull-cap (Small)

Scutellaria (Side-flowering) = Scutellaria lateriflora (MAD-DOG SKULLCAP) -- V 313

SEA BLITE = Suaeda spp.

SEA LAVENDER = Limonium nashii

Sea-rocket = Cakile edentula (SEA ROCKET) -- II 466, VII 433

Sea-rocket (American) = Cakile edentula (SEA ROCKET) -- II 349

Secale cereale (RYE) -- see Rye

Sedge (Early) = Carex pensylvanica (EARLY SEDGE)/Carex umbellata (SAND SEDGE) ²⁹² -- IV 59, V 74, 81, 117, VII 418, VIII 460, XII 168, XIII 209, 244

Sedge (Great Tufted) = Carex stricta (TUSSOCK SEDGE) -- XIV 335

Sedge-grass = Carex pensylvanica (EARLY SEDGE)/Carex umbellata (SAND SEDGE) ²⁹² -- V 117

__ (blossom) -- IV 31

Sedge-grass (Early) = Carex pensylvanica (EARLY SEDGE) -- VIII 268, XII 334

Sedum = Sedum telephium (LIVE-FOREVER)/Sedum purpureum (LIVE-FOREVER) ² -- V 135

Sedum purpureum (LIVE-FOREVER) -- see Aaron's-rod, Ledum telephium, Sedum, Sedum telephium

Sedum telephium (LIVE-FOREVER) ²⁹³ -- IV 268, 430, V 362, VIII 467, XI (142)

see also Aaron's-rod, Ledum telephium, Sedum

Seed-box = Ludwigia alternifolia (SEEDBOX) -- XIII 31, 32

Selaginella apoda (MEADOW SPIKEMOSS) -- see Selaginella apus

Selaginella apus = Selaginella apoda (MEADOW SPIKEMOSS) -- VII 272, VIII 293

Selaginella rupestris (ROCK SPIKEMOSS) -- VII 519, VIII 442

Self-heal = Prunella vulgaris (HEAL-ALL) -- II 65, III 381

Sempervivum tectorum (HOUSELEEK) -- IV 430, VIII 446

see also House-leek, Leek

Senecio = Senecio aureus (GOLDEN RAGWORT) ²⁶⁷ --IV 56, 75, 115, 122, 173, V 15, 17, 184, 296, 399, 450, VI 288, 341, VII 399, XIII 217, 289, XIV 106, 222

Senecio aureus (GOLDEN RAGWORT) ²⁶⁷ --II 227, IV 40, XII 304

see also Senecio, Senecio (Golden)

Senecio (Golden) = Senecio aureus (GOLDEN RAGWORT) ²⁶⁷ -- II 217, 227, IV 40, 52, 91, V 163, 236, VI 149, 211, 337, VIII 357, X 18, 481, XII 192

Senecio hieracifolius = Erechtites hieracifolia (PILEWORT) -- II 427

Senecio vulgaris (COMMON GROUNDSEL) -- IX 415, XII 374

Senelles = Crataegus spp. (HAWTHORN) ²⁹⁴ -- IV 361

Senna (Wild) = Cassia hebecarpa (WILD SENNA) -- VIII 461

Sensitive Fern = Onoclea sensibilis (SENSITIVE FERN) -- V 405, VI 221, 331, 425, 454, VII 107, IX 62, XII 201, 226, XIII 292, XIV 28

Sericocarpus = Sericocarpus asteroides (TOOTHED WHITE-TOPPED ASTER)/Sericocarpus linifolius (NARROW-LEAVED WHITE-TOPPED ASTER) ¹⁴³ -- VI 384, 388, 412, XI 139

__ (-like) -- X 457, 463

Sericocarpus asteroides (TOOTHED WHITE-TOPPED ASTER) -- see Aster (Conyza-like), Sericocarpus, Sericocarpus conyzoides

Sericocarpus conyzoides ²⁹⁵ = Sericocarpus asteroides (TOOTHED WHITE-TOPPED ASTER) -- IV 215, 231, V 308, 341, VIII 404, 465

Sericocarpus linifolius (NARROW-LEAVED WHITE-TOPPED ASTER) -- see Sericocarpus, Sericocarpus conyzoides

Service-berry = Amelanchier spp. (SHADBUSH) -- i 360, I 315, IV 44, V 302, 303

Setaria spp. (BRISTLY FOXTAIL) -- see Bottle-grass

Setaria glauca (YELLOW BRISTLY FOXTAIL) -- XI 124, XIV 53

Setaria viridis (GREEN BRISTLY FOXTAIL) -- XI 124, XIII 405

Shad = Amelanchier spp. (SHADBUSH)

__ (berry) -- V 294, VI 372, 377, XII 322; __ (blossom)-- III 79, IV 48, 61, 62, 71, V 44; __ (leaf) -- VI 253

Shad-bush = Amelanchier spp. (SHADBUSH) -- III 450, IV 44, V 125, 128, 471, VI 50, 111, 199, 213, 253, 333, 334, VII 332, X 393, 421, XI 292, 293, XII 133, 176, 194, 377, XIII 282, 283, 297, 300, 304, 426, XIV 262, 340

__ (berry) -- VI 316; __ (bud) -- VII 69; __ (flower) -- XIII 281; __ (flower-bud) -- VII 321; __ (thought) -- XII 377

Shagbark = Carya ovata (SHAGBARK HICKORY) -- VII 64, 65, 265, IX 177, X 111, 210, XII 312, 445, XIV 243

__ (tree) -- IX 187

Shave-grass = Equisetum hyemale (SCOURING RUSH) -- VII 81

Sheep's-sorrel = Rumex acetosella (SHEEP SORREL) -- IV 93

Shepherd's-purse = Capsella bursa-pastoris (SHEPHERD'S-PURSE) -- II 451, III 469, IV 62, 201, 257, 379, 408, 415, 426, V 47, 453, 481, 488, 489, VI 159, 182, 211, 216, VII 105, 132, 333, VIII 9, 242, 287, IX 115, X 367, XII 132, XIII 159, 180, 196, 200, 208, 289

__ (radical leaf) -- XII 27

Shield Fern = Polystichum acrostichoides (CHRISTMAS FERN) -- V 343

Shield Fern (Marginal) = Dryopteris marginalis (MARGINAL WOODFERN) -- V 405, 508, VI 189, X 123, XIII 279, (292)

Shield Fern (Terminal) = Polystichum acrostichoides (CHRISTMAS FERN) -- V 405, 508, VI 12, VII 521, X 123, 164, 250, XI 323, (332), XII 353, 359

Shin-leaf = Pyrola elliptica (SHIN-LEAF) -- IV 91, 199, V 310, VII 188

Sickle-pod = Arabis canadensis (SICKLEPOD) -- V 366, VI 410

Sicyos = Sicyos angulatus (ONE-SEEDED BUR CUCUMBER) -- V 353, 373, VI 419, 426

Sicyos angulatus (ONE-SEEDED BUR CUCUMBER) -- IV 322

see also Sicyos

Side-saddle = Sarracenia purpurea (PITCHER PLANT) -- VI 335, 341, VII 412

__ (leaf) -- XIII 299

Side-saddle Flower = Sarracenia purpurea (PITCHER PLANT) -- III 33, IV 75, 81, 93, V 196, 218, 227, 245, 261, 396, VIII 377, X 487, XIII 69

Silene = Silene spp. (CATCHFLY, CAMPION) -- V 324, VI 305, VII 404

Silene acaulis (MOSS CAMPION) -- XI 19, 61

Silene antirrhina (SLEEPY CATCHFLY) -- IV 98, 258, V 202, VI 344, VII 395, 423

see also Catchfly (Sleepy), Catchfly (Snapdragon)

Silene armeria (SWEET-WILLIAM CATCHFLY) -- see Catchfly (Common Garden), Pink (Sweet-William)

Silene caroliniana (WILD PINK) -- see Pink, Pink (Common Wild), Pink (Wild), Silene pennsylvanica

Silene cucubalus (BLADDER CAMPION) -- see Campion (Bladder), Silene inflata

Silene inflata = Silene cucubalus (BLADDER CAMPION) -- X 502

Silene pennsylvanica = Silene caroliniana (WILD PINK) -- II 218, X 439

Silkweed = Asclepias spp. (MILKWEED) -- II 314

Silkweed (Water) = Asclepias incarnata (SWAMP MILKWEED) -- II 314, V 323, VI 287

SILVERROD = Solidago bicolor

SILVERWEED = Potentilla anserina

Sisymbrium (-like plant) = Sisymbrium spp. (HEDGE MUSTARD) -- VI 348

Sisymbrium amphibium = Rorippa islandica (MARSH YELLOW CRESS) -- IV 209, V 317, VI 348

Sisymbrium officinale (HEDGE MUSTARD) -- see Erysimum officinale, Hedge Mustard

Sisyrinchium spp. (BLUE-EYED GRASS) -- see Blue-eyed Grass

Sium = Sium suave (WATER PARSNIP) -- IV 382, V 315, 382, VI 307, 351, 387, 421, 458, VII 13, 26, 38, VIII 72, 413, 420, 441, 443, 460, IX 494, X 18, XI 70, XIII 141, 262, 267, XIII 299

Sium latifolium ²⁹⁶ = Sium suave (WATER PARSNIP) -- II 435, IV 203, IX 65

Sium lineare =Sium suave (WATER PARSNIP) -- II 412, IV 244, 295, IX 65, 79

Sium suave (WATER PARSNIP) -- see Parsnip (Water), Sium, Sium latifolium, Sium lineare

Skull-cap = Scutellaria spp. (SKULLCAP) -- IV 208, 215, 291, VI 383

Skullcap (Common) = Scutellaria epilobiifolia (MARSH SKULLCAP) -- II 424

Skullcap (Larger) = Scutellaria epilobiifolia (MARSH SKULLCAP) -- IV 295

Skullcap (Side-flowering) = Scutellaria lateriflora (MAD-DOG SKULLCAP) -- II 411, IV 273, 392

Skull-cap (Small) = Scutellaria lateriflora (MAD-DOG SKULLCAP) -- IV 358

Skunk-cabbage = Symplocarpus foetidus (SKUNK CABBAGE) -- i 58, I 62, II 5, 97, 163, 220, 425, III 87, 245, 359, 400, 405, 423, 437, 472, 486, IV 53, 171, 304, 347, 390, V 13, 40, 55, 66, 72, 74, 84, 96, (98), (105), 191, 244, 329, 330, 419, VI 155, 182, 187, 191, (209), 211, 213, 229, (400), 417, 421, 430, 489, VII 236, 292, 301, 328, (352), VIII 233, 239, 240, 243, 244, (248), 249, 266, 426, IX 302, 303, 304, X 58, 151, 316, XI 82, 119, XII 7, 17, 74, (126), 132, 218, 300, 304, 325, XIII 158, 163, (171), 199, 201, 207, 208, 209, 233, 260, (261), 350, (382),

__ (berry) -- XIV 310; __ (bud) -- VI 160, VII 105, IX (302), X 150, 151, XII 16, XIII 184; __ (-dom) -- X 150; __ (flower) -- XIII 202; __ (fruit) -- II 493, V 418, VI 407, VIII 415; __ (leaf) -- IV 53, 294, V 117, 296, 381, VI 236, 267, VII 302, VIII 301, IX 334, XII 214, 257; __ (leaf-bud) -- XII 126, XIII 217; __ (pollen) -- XIII 202; __ (scape) -- VII 273; __ (seed) -- III 65, VIII 122, XIV (310); __ (spathe) -- II 158, V 13, 475, XII 5

SMARTWEED = Polygonum spp.

Smilacina = Smilacina spp. (FALSE SOLOMON'S-SEAL)/Maianthemum canadense (CANADA MAYFLOWER) ²⁹⁷ -- V 174, VI 293, XII 304, 383,

__ (berry) -- IX 39, 51, 85, XII 381; __ (leaf) -- V 226; __ (-like) -- VII 434

Smilacina bifolia = Maianthemum canadense (CANADA MAYFLOWER) -- V 392, VI 284, X 431, XI 37, 60

Smilacina (Great) = ²⁹⁸ -- IX 494

Smilacina racemosa (FALSE SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- IV 73, 310, V 211, 223, 330, 392, VI 332, VII 434, VIII 382, IX 441, 494, X 488, XII 290, XIII 370

__ (berry) -- V 424, XII 319; __ (leaf) -- X 84

see also Convallaria (Compound-racemed), Solomon's-seal, Solomon's-seal (Clustered), Solomon's-seal (Large), Solomon's-seal (Panicled)

Smilacina stellata (STAR-FLOWERED SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- IV 76, VIII 382, XI 3,

Smilacina trifolia (THREE-LEAVED SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- VI 279, VIII 324, 348, XI 46, 61

see also Solomon's seal (Three-leaved)

Smilax = Smilax rotundifolia (COMMON GREENBRIER) -- IV 432, VI 301, 302, IX 321, XI 178, XIV 266

__ (berry) -- II 126, 139, 493; __ (cluster) -- IV 354; __ (vine) -- II 417

see also Cat-briar, Green-briar

Smilax glauca (SAWBRIER) -- VII 433

Smilax herbacea (CARRION-FLOWER) -- IV 96, IX 494

see also Carrion (berry), Carrion-flower

Smilax rotundifolia (COMMON GREENBRIER) -- see Smilax, Cat-briar, Green-briar

Snag-tree = Nyssa sylvatica (BLACK TUPELO) -- II 350

Snake-corn = Smilacina racemosa (FALSE SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- VII 434, IX 441

Snake-head = Chelone glabra (TURTLEHEAD) -- VIII 464

Snake-root = Aristolochia serpentaria (VIRGINIA SNAKEROOT) -- II 220

Snake-root (Black) = Sanicula marilandica (BLACK SNAKEROOT) -- IV 91

Snake-root (Button) = Liatris borealis (NORTHERN BLAZING-STAR) -- IV 349

Snake-root (White) = Eupatorium rugosum (WHITE SNAKEROOT) -- IX 65

Snake-tongue = ²⁹⁹ -- III 130

Snapdragon = Linaria canadensis (BLUE TOADFLAX) -- II 455, IV 89, 90, 127, 171, IX 115

Snapdragon (Canada) = Linaria canadensis (BLUE TOADFLAX) -- II 69, 324, 332, 415, III 62, 80, IV 247, 257, 379, 387, 391, V 214, 473, 481

Snapdragon (Little Blue) = Linaria canadensis (BLUE TOADFLAX) -- XI 238

Snapdragon (Small) = Linaria canadensis (BLUE TOADFLAX) -- IX 111, XII 204

Snapdragon (Small Blue) = Linaria canadensis (BLUE TOADFLAX) -- V 447

Snowberry (Creeping) = Gaultheria hispidula (CREEPING SNOWBERRY) -- IV 302, 303

Solanum = Solanum spp. (NIGHTSHADE) ³⁰⁰ -- VIII 375

see also Nightshade

Solanum americanum (AMERICAN NIGHTSHADE) -- see Solanum nigrum

Solanum dulcamara (BITTER NIGHTSHADE) -- IV 89, XII 316

__ (berry) -- XII 354, 388

see also Bittersweet, Nightshade, Solanum

Solanum nigrum (EUROPEAN NIGHTSHADE) ³⁰¹ -- VII 440, IX 76, 80, 88, 475, XII 340

see also Nightshade (Black)

Solidago = Solidago spp. (GOLDENROD) -- IV 286, 434, V 395, 404, 409, 422, 477, VIII 463, IX 12, 109, 123, 498, X 38, 466, XI 20, XII 305, XIV 50

__ (flower) -- XI 300; __ (oak) ²¹⁶ -- XII 6

see also Goldenrod

Solidago alta ³⁰² = Solidago rugosa (ROUGH-STEMMED GOLDENROD) -- V 395

Solidago altissima (TALL GOLDENROD) -- see Goldenrod (Large Three-ribbed), Goldenrod (Three-ribbed), Solidago canadensis

Solidago altissima (old usage) = Solidago rugosa (ROUGH-STEMMED GOLDENROD) ³⁰³ -- IV 265, 395, V 362, 396, 404, 405, 422, 432, VI 408, 466, 488, VIII 448, IX 12, 52, 87, 89, 106, X 426, XI 100, XII 26, 321

Solidago arguta (SHARP-LEAVED GOLDENROD) = Solidago muhlenbergii

Solidago arguta (old usage) = Solidago juncea (EARLY GOLDENROD) ³⁰³ -- V 344, 362, 396, 432, VI 393, 434, 445, 466, VIII 425, IX 12, 65, 79, 83, X 31, 426, XI 125, XII 33, 321

__ (variety) -- X 36

Solidago bicolor (SILVERROD) -- IV 295, V 396, 397, VI 410, IX 12, 52, 89, 99, 106

see also Goldenrod (White), Solidago (White)

Solidago (Blue-stemmed) = Solidago caesia (BLUE-STEMMED GOLDENROD) -- V 449

Solidago caesia (BLUE-STEMMED GOLDENROD) -- IV 334, 373, V 396, 397, 449, 477, VIII 450, IX 52, 89, 106, 114, 123, X 38, XI 250, XII 363

see also Goldenrod (Blue-stemmed)

Solidago canadensis (CANADA GOLDENROD ³⁰⁴ -- IV 247, IX 62, 64, 66, 79, XI 171, XII 315, XIV 26

Solidago cutleri (ALPINE GOLDENROD) -- see Solidago virgaurea

Solidago flexicaulis (BROAD-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- see Goldenrod (Broad-leaved), Solidago latifolia

Solidago gigantea (LATE GOLDENROD) -- V 432, VIII 437, 441, IX 12, 52, 62, 64, 89

see also Goldenrod (Large Three-ribbed), Goldenrod (Three-ribbed), Solidago serotina

Solidago graminifolia (LANCE-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- see Goldenrod (Spear-leaved), Solidago lanceolata

Solidago juncea (EARLY GOLDENROD) -- see Goldenrod (Early), Solidago arguta (old usage)

Solidago laevigata = Solidago sempervirens (SEASIDE GOLDENROD) -- II 354

Solidago lanceolata = Solidago graminifolia (LANCE-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- IV 286, V 337, 396, VI 415, VIII 446, IX 52, 61, 89, XI 7, XIV 26

__ (path) -- VIII 446, IX 55

Solidago latifolia = Solidago flexicaulis (BROAD-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- IV 317, V 397, 415, 432, IX 50, 52, 89, 106, 120, X 32, XI 200

Solidago macrophylla (LARGE-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- see Solidago thrysoidea

Solidago muhlenbergii = Solidago arguta (SHARP-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- IX 69, 79

Solidago neglecta = Solidago uliginosa (SWAMP GOLDENROD) -- V 409

Solidago nemoralis (GRAY GOLDENROD) -- IV 267, 369, 377, V 317, 340, 350, 363, 391, 396, 408, 422, 432, 447, 455, 461, 473, 477, 520, VI 396, 434, VIII 446, IX 12, 52, 66, 87, 89, 106, 107, 129, X 48, 93, 107, 147, 149, 201, 306, 390, XII 305, 321, XIII 30, XIV 71

see also Goldenrod (Gray), Solidago nemorosa

Solidago nemorosa ⁸ = Solidago nemoralis (GRAY GOLDENROD) -- VII 56

Solidago odora (SWEET GOLDENROD) -- II 220, V 353, 361, 396, 403, VI 408, 434, 446, VIII 466, 467, IX 12, 50, 52, 89, XI 162

see also Goldenrod (Fragrant), Solidago odorata

Solidago odorata ⁸ = Solidago odora (SWEET GOLDENROD) -- XI 250

Solidago patula (ROUGH-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- IX 62

Solidago puberula (DOWNY GOLDENROD) -- IV 286, V 398, 409, 416, 420, 422, VI 408, 434, 466, IX 12, 52, 89, 106, X 30, XI 157, 250, 300, XII 363, XIV 122

Solidago rigida (STIFF GOLDENROD) ³⁰⁵ -- X 30, 44

Solidago rugosa (ROUGH-STEMMED GOLDENROD) -- see Goldenrod (Rough), Goldenrod (Tall), Goldenrod (Tall Rough), Solidago alta, Solidago altissima (old usage)

Solidago sempervirens (SEASIDE GOLDENROD) -- VI 487, VII 434

see also Goldenrod (Seaside), Solidago laevigata

Solidago serotina = Solidago gigantea var. leiophylla (LATE GOLDENROD) -- IV 306, IX 62, 64,

Solidago speciosa (SHOWY GOLDENROD) -- V 419, 422, 433, 477, VII 42, IX 52, 89, 91, 97, 106

__ (-like) -- IX 35

see also Solidago rigida

Solidago squarrosa (STOUT GOLDENROD) -- V 432, IX 498

Solidago stricta (WAND-LIKE GOLDENROD) ³⁰⁶ -- IV 225, V 317, 340, 341, 363, 396, 398, 406, 409, 420, 422, 477, VI 388, 434, 466, VIII 425, 463, IX 8, 12, 35, 52, 65, 83, 89, 106, X 30, 31, XII 26, XIV 71

__ (-like) -- V 409

Solidago tenuifolia (SLENDER-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- X 9

Solidago thyrsoidea = Solidago macrophylla (LARGE-LEAVED GOLDENROD) -- X 457, 463, XI 26, 37, 60, 61, XIV 25, 28, 31, 50

Solidago uliginosa (SWAMP GOLDENROD) -- see Solidago neglecta, Solidago stricta

Solidago ulmifolia (ELM-LEAVED GOLDENROD) ³⁰⁷ -- V 395, 396, 420, 422

Solidago virgata = ³⁰⁸ -- V 420

Solidago virgaurea = Solidago cutleri (ALPINE GOLDENROD) -- XI 20, 24, 60, 61

Solidago (White) = Solidago bicolor (SILVERROD) -- V 449

Solomon's-seal = Maianthemum canadense (CANADA MAYFLOWER)/Smilacina spp. (SOLOMON'S-SEAL) ²⁹⁷ -- II 266, 375, 407, IV 50, 95, VI 241, VIII 265, X 154

__ (berry) -- III 476, IV 391, VIII 39

Solomon's-seal (Axil-flowering) = Polygonatum pubescens (HAIRY SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- IV 246

Solomon's-seal (Clustered) = Smilacina racemosa (FALSE SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- II 440, IV 71, 73

SOLOMON'S-SEAL (FALSE) = Smilacina racemosa

Solomon's-seal (Large) = Smilacina racemosa (FALSE SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- VI 416

__ (berry) -- VII 18

Solomon's-seal (Panicled) = Smilacina racemosa (FALSE SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- IV 365

Solomon's-seal (Small) = Polygonatum pubescens (HAIRY SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- V 163

Solomon's-seal (Small) = Maianthemum canadense (CANADA MAYFLOWER) -- II 318, IV 129

Solomon's-seal (Three-leaved) = Smilacina trifolia (THREE-LEAVED SOLOMON'S-SEAL) -- VIII 369

Solomon's-seal (Two-leaved) = Maianthemum canadense (CANADA MAYFLOWER) -- IV 91, V 164, 419, VII 377, VIII (369), IX 391, X 462, 464, XII 189, 290, XIII 280, XIV 5, 28

__ (berry) -- IV 310, VII 7, XII 302; __ (pollen) -- VII 391

Sonchus = Sonchus spp. (SOW THISTLE) -- VI 419, VIII 422

Sonchus oleraceus (COMMON SOW THISTLE) -- IV 317, V 317, 410

Sopisvine = 309 -- IV 271

Sorghastrum nutans (WOOD GRASS) -- see Andropogon nutans, Sorghum nutans, Wood Grass

Sorghum nutans = Sorghastrum nutans (WOOD GRASS) -- XI 125, 147, XIV 58

Sorghum saccharatum = Sorgum vulgare (SORGHUM) -- IX 62

Sorgum vulgare (SORGHUM) -- see Sorghum saccharatum

Sorrel = Oxyria digyna (MOUNTAIN SORREL) -- XI 18, 60, 61

Sorrel = Rumex acetosella (SHEEP SORREL) -- II 271, 306, III 58, 379, 462, IV 68, 73, 102, 115, 257, 437, 477, 485, V 144, 146, 157, 178, 219, 224, 241, VI 269, 289, 330, VII 280, 425, VIII 60, 353, IX 35, 336, 407, X 57, 158, 234, 241, XII 173, 185, 194, 201, XIII 159, 292, 295, 302, 326, 378, 399, 423

__ (cheek) -- V 255; __ (field) -- V 241, VI 363; __ (leaf) -- VIII 401; __ (pollen) -- VII 381

Sorrel (Mountain) = Oxyria digyna (MOUNTAIN SORREL) -- XI 30

Sorrel (Violet) = Oxalis violacea (VIOLET WOOD SORREL) -- IX 410, XIII 388

Sow-thistle (Common) = Sonchus oleraceus (COMMON SOW THISTLE) -- IV 317

Sparganium = Sparganium spp. (BUR-REED) -- V 301, 489, VI 406, 449, VII 5, 13, 54, 71, 425, VIII 161, 402, X 130, 367, XI 75, 145, XII 232, 269, 303

__ (blade) -- VIII 20; __ (seed-bell) -- VI 488

see also Bur-reed

Sparganium americanum (COMMON BUR-REED) ³¹⁰ -- VIII 429

Sparganium eurycarpum (GREAT BUR-REED) -- see Bur-reed (Large), Sparganium ramosum

Sparganium minor ³⁴² = Sparganium americanum (COMMON BUR-REED)/Sparganium chlorocarpum (GREEN-FRUITED BUR-REED) -- VI 450, VII 13

Sparganium ramosum = Sparganium eurycarpum (GREAT BUR-REED) -- IV 163, V 485, VI 377, XI 145

Spartina alterniflora (SALT-WATER CORD-GRASS) -- see Spartina glabra

Spartina cynosuroides ³¹¹ = Spartina pectinata (FRESH-WATER CORD-GRASS) -- XI 171, XII 232

Spartina glabra = Spartina alterniflora (SALT-WATER CORD-GRASS) -- XI 174

Spartina Grass = Spartina pectinata (SALT-WATER CORD-GRASS) -- XIII 400

Spartina juncea = Spartina patens (SALT-MEADOW GRASS) -- XI 171

Spartina patens (SALT-MEADOW GRASS) -- see Spartina juncea

Spartina pectinata (FRESH-WATER CORD-GRASS) -- see Spartina cynosuroides, Spartina Grass

Spatter-dock = Nuphar spp. (YELLOW POND LILY) -- IV 163, X 410

__ (pad) -- XIV 146

Spear-grass (Hair) = Eragrostis capillaris (LACE LOVE-GRASS) -- XI 124

Spear-mint = Mentha spicata (SPEARMINT) -- IX 4, 5, 71

SPEARWORT (CREEPING) = Ranunculus reptans

Specularia = Specularia perfoliata (VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS) -- VI 376

Specularia perfoliata (VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS) -- IV 143, V 202, 295

see also Bellflower (Clasping), Harebell (Clasping), Specularia

Speedwell = Veronica spp. (SPEEDWELL) -- IV 62

Speedwell (Marsh) = Veronica scutellata (MARSH SPEEDWELL) -- II 415, IV 91, 170, 258, V 229, 357, VII 36

Speedwell (Procumbent) = Veronica agrestis (FIELD SPEEDWELL) ¹¹⁴ -- IV 62, 397

Speedwell (Purslane) = Veronica peregrina (PURSLANE SPEEDWELL) -- VI 266

Speedwell (Smooth) = Veronica serpyllifolia (THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL) -- IV 62, 74, V 188, 362, 455

Spergula arvensis (CORN SPURREY) -- III 58, IV 237, V 316

see also Corn-spurry, Spurry

Spergularia rubra (SAND SPURREY) -- IV 277, V 199, VI 316, VII 440, VIII 373, 386, 400, XI 176

Sphenopholis intermedia (WEDGEGRASS) -- see Eatonia pennsylvanica

SPICEBUSH = Lindera benzoin

Spice-wood = Lindera benzoin (SPICE-BUSH) -- II 186

Spigelia = Spigelia marilandica (INDIAN PINK) -- II 220

SPIKEMOSS = Selaginella spp.

Spikenard = Aralia racemosa (SPIKENARD) -- IV 286, V 315, 324, 330, IX 498, XII 381, 382

__ (berry) -- IV 343, V 355, VI 462, XII 310, 316

Spike-rush = Eleocharis spp. (SPIKE-RUSH) -- XIII 186

Spiraea = Spiraea spp. (SPIRAEA) -- VI 209, 211, IX 268, 281, 285, XIII 182, 208, 239, 415

Spiraea latifolia (MEADOWSWEET) -- see Meadow-sweet, Spiraea salicifolia

Spiraea lobata = Filipendula rubra (QUEEN-OF-THE-PRAIRIE) -- II 220

Spiraea salicifolia = Spiraea latifolia (MEADOWSWEET) -- IV 138, XI 26, 60

Spiraea tomentosa (HARDHACK) -- IV 199

see also Hardhack

Spiraea ulmaria = Filipendula ulmaria (QUEEN-OF-THE-MEADOW) -- II 220

Spiranthes spp. (LADIES'-TRESSES) -- see Ladies'-tresses, Neottia

Spiranthes cernua (NODDING LADIES'-TRESSES) -- IV 319, V 390, VI 463, IX 56, 83, XI 135, XII 305, 320, 325

see also Neottia (Drooping)

Spiranthes gracilis (SOUTHERN SLENDER LADIES'-TRESSES) ³¹² -- IV 292, 319, V 343, 385, 390, 391, VI 386, VIII 412, IX 28

see also Goodyera gracilis, Neottia gracilis, Spiranthes (Slender Early)

Spiranthes lacera (NORTHERN SLENDER LADIES'-TRESSES) -- see: Goodyera gracilis, Neottia gracilis, Spiranthes gracilis, Spiranthes (Slender Early)

Spiranthes latifolia = Spiranthes lucida (BROAD-LEAVED LADIES'-TRESSES) -- V 391

Spiranthes lucida (BROAD-LEAVED LADIES'-TRESSES) = Spiranthes latifolia

Spiranthes repens -- see Neottia repens

Spiranthes (Slender Early) = Spiranthes gracilis (SOUTHERN SLENDER LADIES'-TRESSES)/Spiranthes lacera (NORTHERN SLENDER LADIES'-TRESSES) ² -- XIII 418

Spirea = Spiraea latifolia (MEADOWSWEET) -- III 376

Spirodela polyrhiza (WATER-FLAXSEED) -- see Lemna, Lemna polyrhiza

Spleenwort = Asplenium spp. (SPLEENWORT) -- VI 90, 189, VIII 60, IX 388, XII 108

Spleenwort (Dwarf) = Asplenium trichomanes (MAIDENHAIR SPLEENWORT) -- V 405

Spleenwort (Ebony) = Asplenium platyneuron (EBONY SPLEENWORT) -- V 366, 405, VI 310, 347

SPLEENWORT (MAIDENHAIR) = Asplenium trichomanes

SPLEENWORT (SILVERY) = Athyrium thelypteroides

Spoonhunt = Kalmia latifolia (MOUNTAIN LAUREL) -- I 435

Sporobolus Grass = Muhlenbergia uniflora (FALL DROPSEED) -- XIV 100

Sporobolus serotinus = Muhlenbergia uniflora (FALL DROPSEED) -- XIV 76

Sporobolus vaginiflorus (SHEATHED RUSH-GRASS) -- see Vilfa vaginaeflora

Spruce = Picea spp. (SPRUCE) ³¹³ -- i 354, I 308, 449, II 188, 200, 216, 298, III 33, 123, 125, 138, 229, 231, IV 345, 441, V 185, 209, 477, 478, 502, VI 22, 54, 210, 303, 468, VII 414, 476, VIII 340, 344, IX 322, 378, 491, X 13, 24, 81, 183, 196, 201, 271, 274, 279, 281, 455, 456, 461, 462, 464, 468, 470, 476, 477, 493, 502, XI 10, 14, 15, 18, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34, 37, 38, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 84, 148, 241, XII 394, 444, XIV 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 24, 29, 30, 31, 35, 38, 41, 134, 263, 266

__ (bark) -- V 428, XI 57; __ (bed) -- X 460; __ (bough) -- X 455, 470; __ (cone) -- IX 394, X 192; __ (gum) -- XI 33; __ (hut) -- XIV 344; __ (leaf) -- XII 388; __ (leaf-bud) -- V 185; __ (limb) -- XIV 10; __ (log) -- V 207; __ (needle) -- VI 51; __ (plank) --XIV 265; __ (roof) -- X 461; __ (root) -- V 431, IX 492; __ (swamp) -- III 33, 138, 154, IV 441, 484, V 480, VI 22, VII 9, VIII 41, IX 161, X 24, 32, 38, 129; __ (timber) -- XIV 18; __ (top) -- IX 494; __ (tree) -- II 187, III 97, 138, 445, V 186, VI 22, 141, X 274, 408, 455, 459, 468, 492, XI 36, 49, XIV 16; __ (twig) -- VIII 111, X 455, XIV 31; __ (wood) -- X 184, XI 27; __ (zone) -- XI 61

Spruce (Black) = Picea mariana (BLACK SPRUCE)/Picea rubens (RED SPRUCE) ³¹³ -- II 106, 199, 216, 217, 218, III 33, V 160, 186, VI 22, 54, 227, 296, 301, 302, VII 64, 403, 415, VIII 352, IX 375, 378, 390, 494, X 456, 458, 463, XI 38, 59, XIII 320, 335, XIV 10, 25, 28, 29, 31, 44, 265

__ (cone) -- IV (81); __ (tree ) -- VI 22, X 455, 468; __ (wood-lot) -- VIII 353

Spruce (Double) = Picea mariana (BLACK SPRUCE)/Picea rubens (RED SPRUCE) ³¹³ -- i 320, I 271

Spruce (Hemlock) = Tsuga canadensis (EASTERN HEMLOCK) -- II 153, 199

Spruce (Norway) = Picea abies (NORWAY SPRUCE) -- II 364

__ (fir) -- X 185

SPRUCE (RED) = Picea rubens

Spruce (Single) = ³¹⁴ -- III 123

Spruce (White) = Picea glauca (WHITE SPRUCE) ³¹⁵ -- II 199, IV 281, V 160, 186, VI 22, 51, 54, 261, 265, 274, 283, (296), 301, VII 414, IX 198, 378, 394, 414, 494, X (24), XI 38

__ (bark) -- V 430; __ (cone) -- IV 81, VII 415, IX 378; __ (pollen) -- VII 389; __ (shoot) -- IV 210; __ (swamp) -- VII 365, 389; __ (tree) -- VI 24

Spurge (Common) = Euphorbia supina (MILK PURSLANE) -- VIII 444

Spurge (Sea-side) = Euphorbia polygonifolia (SEASIDE SPURGE) -- VII 436

Spurge (Spotted) = Euphorbia supina (MILK PURSLANE) -- II 451

Spurry = Spergula arvensis (CORN SPURREY) -- VI 378, VIII 410

__ (seed) -- VI 228

Squaw-weed = Senecio aureus (GOLDEN RAGWORT) -- IV 40

SQUIRREL-CORN = Dicentra canadensis

Stachys = Stachys tenuifolia (COMMON HEDGE NETTLE) -- XI 70

Stachys aspera = Stachys tenuifolia (COMMON HEDGE NETTLE) -- II 424, IV 229, VI 384, VIII 404, XII 238

Stachys palustris (MARSH HEDGE NETTLE) -- see Hedge Nettle

Stachys tenuifolia (COMMON HEDGE NETTLE) -- see Hedge Nettle, Stachys, Stachys aspera

Staphylea = Staphylea trifolia (BLADDERNUT) -- X 9

Star-cucumber (One-seeded) = Sicyos angulatus (ONE-SEEDED BUR CUCUMBER) -- IV 322

Star-flower = Trientalis borealis (STARFLOWER) -- V 164

Star-grass = Aletris farinosa (COLICROOT) -- VIII 387

Statice limonium = Limonium nashii (SEA LAVENDER) -- VII 438

Stellaria = Stellaria spp. (CHICKWEED, STITCHWORT) ³¹⁶ -- IV 303, V 47, VII 307, VIII 242, 351, 353

Stellaria borealis = Stellaria calycantha (NORTHERN STITCHWORT) -- VIII 336, 351, 353, 369, X 431, XIII 317

Stellaria calycantha (NORTHERN STITCHWORT) -- see Stellaria borealis

Stellaria graminea (LESSER STITCHWORT) -- see Stellaria longifolia

Stellaria longifolia (LONG-LEAVED STITCHWORT) ³¹⁷ -- IV 115, V 194, VI 313, 323, 330, VIII 336, 369, 430, XII 199

Stellaria longipes (LONG-STALKED STITCHWORT) ³¹⁸ -- VIII 351

Stellaria media (COMMON CHICKWEED) -- III 469, 475, IV 159, 257, 286, 405, 415, 487, 490, V 32, 367, 489, VI 258, VIII 287, XIII 208

see also Chickweed, Chickweed (Early), Stellaria

STICKSEED (VIRGINIA) = Hackelia virginiana

STICK-TIGHT = Bidens frondosa

Sticta = a lichen

Stipa spartea (PORCUPINE GRASS) -- see Porcupine Grass

Stitchwort = Stellaria spp. (STITCHWORT) -- IV 115, 303

St. John's-wort = Hypericum spp. (ST. JOHN'S-WORT) -- II 278, 309, 318, 411, 432, III 364, IV 114, 215, VII 107, IX 155

St. John's-wort (Canadian) = Hypericum canadense (CANADA ST. JOHN'S-WORT) -- II 389

St. John's-wort (Common) = Hypericum perforatum (COMMON ST. JOHN'S-WORT) -- IV 272

St. John's-wort (Marsh) = Hypericum virginicum (MARSH ST. JOHN'S-WORT) -- IV 240

St. John's-wort (Small) = Hypericum mutilum (DWARF ST. JOHN'S-WORT)/Hypericum boreale (NORTHERN ST. JOHN'S-WORT) ² -- VII 451

St. John's-wort (Spotted) = Hypericum punctatum (SPOTTED ST. JOHN'S-WORT) -- IV 279

Stone-crop = Penthorum sedoides (DITCH STONECROP) -- V 325, IX 25

__ (fruit) -- VII 47

Stonecrop (Ditch) = Penthorum sedoides (DITCH STONECROP) -- IV 243, 255

Stramonium = Datura stramonium (JIMSONWEED) -- IX 3, 69

Strawberry = Fragaria virginiana (WILD STRAWBERRY) -- i 301, I 249, 424, II 30, 233, 281, III 98, IV 42, 54, 84, 104, 119, 121, 129, 135, 158, 236, 485, V 154, 185, 220, 231, 236, 256, 282, 294, 302, 415, 450, 451, VI 90, 209, 242, 316, 336, 342, 347, 364, 366, 372, 449, VII 132, 359, 386, 423, VIII 60, 337, 375, 392, IX 57, 362, 385, 478, 500, X 57, 293, 386, 492, XI 6, XII 132, 198, 202, 350, XIII 261, 326, 339, 351, XIV 265. 274

__ (blossom) -- IV 31; __ (flower) -- XII 167; __ (meadow) -- VI 388; __ (plant) -- VI 364; __ (vine) -- X 25, XII 203; __ (-ing) -- IV 95

Strawberry (Common) = Fragaria virginiana (WILD STRAWBERRY)

__ (leaf) -- XII 26

Streptopus spp. (TWISTED STALK) -- see Convallaria, Convallaria (Large), Smilacina (Great)

Streptopus amplexifolius (TWISTED STALK) -- see Uvularia grandiflora

Strophostyles helvola (TRAILING WILD BEAN) -- see Phaseolus diversifolius

Struthiopteris germanica = Pteretis pensylvanica (OSTRICH FERN) -- V 405

Suaeda maritima (LOW SEA BLITE) -- see Chenopodium maritimum

Succory = Cichorium intybus (CHICORY) -- II 294, 446, IV 44, 225, 364, V 308, 473, VIII 404, IX 97, 113

Sugar-pear (Swamp) = Amelanchier spp. (SHADBUSH) -- IV 48

Sumach = Rhus spp. (SUMAC) -- I 380, II 67, 85, 138, 201, III 13, 16, 35, IV 76, V 160, 434, VI 264, VII 55, 64, 236, VIII 102, 132, 153, 215, IX 99, 107, 192, X 50, XI 119, 139, 297, XII 322, XIII 32, 158, 336, 415, XIV 262

__ (berry) -- IV 272, 295, V 9, 83, VIII 166, XII 350, 380, 382, XIII 31; __ (bush) -- VI 68, XII 348; __ (leaf) -- III 16, IV 273; __ (meadow) -- VII 210; __ (sprout) -- VIII 213, 264

Sumach (Dwarf) = Rhus copallina (SHINING SUMAC) -- II 425, V 400, VI 288

Sumach (Mountain) = Rhus copallina (SHINING SUMAC) -- II 425, IV 303, (362), VI 302, 319, 414, 444, VII 393, VIII 215, IX 97, 268, 270, XII 325, 386

__ (berry) -- VIII 296

Sumach (Poison) = Rhus vernix (POISON SUMAC) -- II 217, 277, 306, 311, 434, III 6, 239, V 443, VII (55), VIII 215, X 257

__ (berry) -- VI 485

Sumach (Smooth) = Rhus glabra (SMOOTH SUMAC) -- II 375, III 65, IV 229, 320, 357, 362, V 310, 317, 419, 435, 449, VI 378, 393, VII 62, 99, 236, VIII 102, 215, (296), 408, 436, IX 57, 289, 484, X 64, 67, XI 201, 206, 386, 387, XII 310, (325), XIII 382, 415, XIV 64

__ (berry) -- IV 251, V 324, 352, VI 406, VIII 296, XI 119, XIII 31, XIV 90; __ (leaf) -- V 400, XI 139; __ (twig) -- X 270

Sumach (Staghorn) = Rhus typhina (STAGHORN SUMAC) -- II 349, 354, 425, VI 400, VIII 392, X 99, XI 198, 238, 259, (386), XIII 294

__ (berry) -- XII 316; __ (fruit) -- VI 487

Sumach (Velvet) = Rhus typhina (STAGHORN SUMAC) -- II 349

Sundew = Drosera spp. (SUNDEW) -- VI 381, IX 291, XIII 384

Sundew (Oblong-leaved) = Drosera intermedia (SPATULATE-LEAVED SUNDEW) -- IV 95

Sundew (Round-leafed) = Drosera rotundifolia (ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW) -- IV 247, V 348

Sundew (Spatular) = Drosera intermedia (SPATULATE-LEAVED SUNDEW) -- VI 452, 468

SUNDROPS (SMALL) = Oenothera perennis

Sunflower = Helianthus spp. (SUNFLOWER) -- i 481, I 457, II 70, 441, 442, 458, 467, 493, IV 297, V 355, 363, 395, 417, VI 415, 417, IX 54

__ (head) -- XIV 228; __ (house) -- VI 404; __ (-like blossom) -- II 467; __ (seed ) -- XI 374, XII 446

Sunflower (Common) = Helianthus annuus (COMMON SUNFLOWER) -- IV 271

Sunflower (Great) = Helianthus annuus (COMMON SUNFLOWER)

__ (disk) -- II 388

Sunflower (Rough) = Helianthus divaricatus (WOODLAND SUNFLOWER) -- VIII 461, 466

__ (field) -- VI 405

Sunflower (Small) = Helianthus divaricatus (WOODLAND SUNFLOWER) -- V 371

Sunflower (Small Rough) = Helianthus divaricatus (WOODLAND SUNFLOWER) -- II 407, III 4, IV 271, V 340, 363, 366, VI 414, VII 447, VIII 432, IX 463, XI 93

Swamp-pink = Rhododendron viscosum (SWAMP AZALEA) -- i 433, II 60, 124, 273, 318, IV 120, 135, 164, 230, 258, 268, 419, V 5, 160, 208, 248, 249, 273, 283, 297, 301, 330, 461, 482, VI 88, 127, 264, 279, 281, 350, 360, VII 111, 413, VIII 41, 383, IX 9, X 71, 183, 196, 258, 266, 283, 501, XII 202, 439

__ (bud) -- III 66, IV 413, VIII 10, X 171, (274); __ (bush) -- IV 126; __ (leaf) -- VII 390

Swamp-pink (White) = Rhododendron viscosum (SWAMP AZALEA) -- VI 300

SWEETBELLS (SWAMP) = Leucothoe racemosa

Sweet-briar = Rosa eglanteria (SWEET-BRIER) -- II 73, 105, 256, III 473, IV 26, 53, 57, 132, 174, 232, 258, 431, V 125, 154, 258, 273, 319, 324, 417, VI 260, 300, 348, VII 8, 366, VIII 401, IX 63, 388, XI 259, 301, 309, XII 382, XIII 260

__ (bud) -- IV 138; __ (bush) -- V 289; __ (hip) -- V 481, 483, VI (132), VII 59, XII 381, XIV 232

Sweet-briar (English) = Rosa eglanteria (SWEET-BRIER) ³¹⁹ -- XI (309)

Sweet-fern = Comptonia peregrina (SWEET-FERN) -- i 129, 433, I 141, II 124, 260, 299, 305, III 67, 334, IV 21, 48, 49, 166, 187, 308, 352, 477, V 73, 237, 365, VI 23, 116, 221, 225, 231, 232, 236, 243, 298, 444, 479, VII 84, 236, 353, 354, 370, IX 128, 347, 361, X 220, XI 119, 139, 187, 208, 239, 300, 301, 307, 309, 320, 329, 331, 336, 344, 347, 412, XII 114, 133, 191, XIII 30, 90, 203, 231, 260, 313, 319, XIV 128, 162, 177, 191, 258, 262

__ (bloom) -- IX 369; __ (bush) -- IV 135; __ (fruit) -- XIII 44; __ (leaf) -- V 140; __ (patch) -- XIV 100; __ (shoot) -- VIII 376; __ (stem) -- XII 40; __ (twig) -- X 221, 248, XII 396

Sweet-gale = Myrica gale (SWEET GALE) -- II 124, 126, 406, 466, III 332, 397, 430, 482, 487, IV 16, 49, 62, V 7, 16, 38, 108, 116, 125, VI 86, 88, 111, 119, 153, 206, 213, 224, 230, 239, 242, 243, 256, 299, VII 83, 142, 321, 329, 371, VIII 253, 308, 411, 443, IX 334, 348, 351, 361, 494, X 60, 215, XI 241, XII 133, 301, XIII 51, 68, 76, 238, 245, 384

__ (brush) -- XII 17; __ (fruit) -- II 316, XIV 92; __ (maze) -- XII 17; __ (meadow) -- XIII 66; __ (seed) -- VII 158, 304

Sweet-gum = Liquidambar styraciflua (SWEET GUM)

__ (tree) -- IX 136

SWITCH GRASS = Panicum virgatum

Sycamore = Platanus occidentalis (AMERICAN SYCAMORE) -- i 122, I 133, III 206

Symphytum officinale (COMMON COMFREY) ³²⁰ -- IV 302, V 353

Symplocarpus foetidus (SKUNK CABBAGE) -- III 474

see also Ictodes foetidus, Skunk-cabbage

Syringa persica (PERISAN LILAC) -- see Lilac (Persian)

Syringa vulgaris (COMMON LILAC) -- see Lilac