Botanical Bibliography

The following works are comparatively non-technical and should prove to be the ones most useful for the lay person interested in becoming acquainted with the plants of New England to which Thoreau refers:

Angelo, Ray. 1990. Concord Area Trees and Shrubs. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. (free online at: http://www.ray-a.com/ConcordAreaTrees&Shrubs/

Cobb, Boughton, Cheryl Lowe, and Elizabeth Farnsworth. 2005. Peterson Guide to Ferns, Northeastern and Central North America, 2^nd ed.. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston.

Dame, Lorin L., and Henry Brooks. 1972. Handbook of the Trees of New England. Dover Publications, Ind. (reprint of 1904 publication), New York. (free online at: http://archive.org/details/handbooktreesne00broogoog

Newcomb, Lawrence. 1977. Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Little, Brown, and Co., Boston.

Peterson, Roger Tory, and Margaret McKenny. 1968. A Field Guide to Wildflowers of Northeastern and North-Central North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.

Petrides, George A. 1972. A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs. 2^nd ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.

Symonds, George W. D. 1958. The Tree Identification Book. William Morrow & Co., New York.

Symonds, George W. D. 1963. The Shrub Identification Book. William Morrow & Co., New York.

For those who wish to consult more complete and technical references, the standard manuals are:

Eaton, Richard Jefferson. 1974. A Flora of Concord. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. (free online at: http://archive.org/details/floraofconcordac00eato

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. 8^th ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993 - . Flora of North America. Volumes 1- . Oxford University Press, New York. (text, not illustrations, of published volumes free online at: http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1

Gleason, Henry A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 3 vols. Hafner Publishing Co., New York.

Gleason, Henry A., and Arthur Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 2^nd ed. D. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, NJ.

Seymour, Frank Conkling. 1982. The Flora of New England. 2^nd ed. as Phytologia Memoirs V. Harold N. Moldenke & Alma L. Moldenke, Plainfield, NJ.
(free online at: http://archive.org/details/floraofnewenglan00seym

Current technical references for the flora of Concord and New England with modern nomenclature are:,

Angelo, Ray. 2012 - . Vascular Flora of Concord, Massachusetts. Free online and frequently updated at: http://www.ray-a.com/ConcordMassFlora.pdf

Angelo, Ray and David E. Boufford. 1996 - . Atlas of the Flora of New England. Free online at: http://neatlas.org/

Haines, Arthur. 2011. Flora Novae Angliae. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Historical manuals used by Thoreau are:

Bigelow, Jacob. 1840. Florula Bostoniensis 3^rd ed. Charles C. Little and James Brown, Boston. (free online at: http://archive.org/details/florulabostonienbige)

Dewey, Chester. 1840. Report on the Herbaceous Flowering Plants of Massachusetts. Folsom, Wells and Thurston, Cambridge, MA. (free online at: http://archive.org/details/reportsma00mass)

Eaton, Amos. 1824. Manual of Botany for Northern and Middle States of America. 4^th ed. Websters and Skinners, Albany, New York. (free online at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84285#page/9/mode/1up)

Emerson, George B. 1846. A Report on the Trees and Shrubs Growing Naturally in the Forests of Massachusetts. Dutton and Wentworth, State Printers, Boston. (free online at: http://books.google.com/books?id=fpsYAAAAYAAJ)

Gray, Asa. 1848. A Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States (1^st ed.) James Munroe and Company, Boston & Cambridge, MA. (free online at:
http://books.google.com/books/about/A_Manual_of_the_Botany_of_the_Northern_U.html?id=XDU-AAAAcAAJ)

Gray, A. 1856. Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States (2^nd ed.). George P. Putnam & Company, New York. (free online at: http://books.google.com/books?id=ZszyVtSSMDEC&oe=UTF-8)

Michaux, François. A. 1819. The North American Sylva, vols. I, II, III. C. D'Hautel, Paris. (free online at: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/42243#/)

Torrey, John. 1826. Compendium of the Flora of the Northern and Middle States. Stacy B. Collins, New York. [free online at: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6147#/]

Torrey, John and Asa Gray. 1838-1840. A Flora of North America, volume I. Wiley & Putnam, New York. [free online at: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/9466#/]

Torrey, John and Asa Gray. 1841-1843. A Flora of North America, volume II. Wiley & Putnam, New York. [free online at: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/9466#/]

Excellent free online versions of the 1906 edition of Thoreau's Journal are at:

Thoreau, Henry D. 1906. Journal. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. (https://www.walden.org/collection/journals/

and [a beautiful (and searchable) special limited edition (600 printed)] at:

http://archive.org/details/writingsofhenryd07thorrich,
http://archive.org/details/writingsofhenryd08thorrich,
...
http://archive.org/details/writingsofhenryd20thorrich